Griffith 01: Cross-Cuttings

The Lonely Villa
R: David Wark Griffith. D: David Miles, Marion Leonard, Mary Pickford u.a. P: Biograph. USA 1909

The Lonedale Operator
R: David W. Griffith. K: Billy Bitzer. D: Blanche Sweet, George Nichols. P: Biograph. USA 1911

The Girl and Her Trust
R: David W. Griffith. K: Billy Bitzer. D: Dorothy Bernard, Wilfred Lucas. P: Biograph. USA 1912

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Close-up from The Lonedale Operator

“The non-seen, or the badly-seen, appears in its true colours: a monkey-wrench instead of a revolver. A rhyming effect, too: with the revolver, held by the young man, which re-establishes the distribution of objects according to that of sex.
But this close-up, the only one of the film, also acknowledges an added meaning, stemming from the rhymed difference which it inscribes between the man and the woman: it unites, as if over and above the action which reforms it, the couple, by isolating fragments of their bodies which suddenly seem to be made, despite the contrast in the clothes (smooth white of the bodice, black and white stripes of the shirt), of a continous material, wherein can be read the subject of the fiction, in the meaning of the principle which determines it.”
Raymond Bellour: To Alternate/To Narrate. In: Thomas Elsaesser with Adam Barker (ed.): Early Cinema. Space Frame Narrative. London 1990, p. 374

A Beast at Bay
R: David Wark Griffith. D: Mary Pickford. P: Biograph. USA 1912

TRAUM UND EXZESS, S. 280

Further links:

Atlantis: A Danish Shipwreck Melodrama

Atlantis
R: August Blom. B: Karl-Ludwig Schröder/Axel Garde (Gerhart Hauptmann, novel). D: Olaf Fønss, Ida Orloff, Ebba Thomsen, Carl Lauritzen, Frederik Jacobsen, Charles Unthan, Torben Meyer, Mihály Kertész. K: Johan Ankerstjerne. P: Nordisk Films Kompagni. Dk 1913
Print: Danish Film Institute & Cinematheque
Engl. titles

“One of the supposed masterpieces of the Danish silent screen, Atlantis certainly enjoyed a pre-release furor second to none. Whether the finished film actually was the box-office success its producers, The Great Northern Company, had hoped for, is debatable. Suffice it to say, the film came in for heavy criticism, especially by Norwegian critics who thought the shipwreck melodrama had been released too soon after the infamous sinking of the ‘Titanic’ in April of 1912. Atlantis was not based on that catastrophe (the American Saved from the Titanic, released less than a month after the sinking, had scooped everyone anyway) but was derived from the works of German novelist Gerhart Hauptmann. Hauptmann had reportedly conjured up his story of the sinking of an ocean liner and its descent into the realm of the sunken continent of mythology on an actual voyage to America. Accompanying the author were Austrian operetta diva Ida Orloff and circus acrobat Charles Unthan. Both Orloff and Unthan secured themselves major roles in the screen version, along with Danish matinee-idol Olaf Fønss. The Great Northern spared no expense filming the drama (off the coast of Zeeland, a Dutch province, incidentally) and obtained an international cast that also included such future luminaries as bald-headed comedian Torben Meyer, later a favorite of Hollywood director Preston Sturges, and a Hungarian filmmaker named Mihaly Kertész. The latter, who would change his name to Michael Curtiz in Hollywood, handled the crowds and played several bit parts. (Some historians have spotted comedian Carl Schenstrøm, later the tall half of the Pat and Patachon comedy team, playing a waiter in the film, but his participation has not been fully established). Although the finished film probably did not earn back its investment, it garnered invaluable prestige for the company.”
Hans J. Wollstein
ALLMOVIE

>>> Titanic disaster: Fiction and Newsreel

TRAUM UND EXZESS, S. 277, S. 298, S. 302

Untergang im Hinterhof

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Chausseestraße 123,  Berlin

Titanic – In Nacht und Eis wurde an der Ostsee, am Grüpelsee in Brandenburg und im Hinterhof der Chausseestraße 123 in Berlin produziert.

“In einem ehemaligen Fotoatelier unter einem Glasdach im Dachgeschoss arbeitet hier der Filmpionier, Technikfreak und Kameramann Guido Seeber mit der Deutschen Bioscop GmbH seit 1909. Unter anderen entstehen hier die ersten acht großen Filme des Stummfilmstars Asta Nielsen, ehe das Unternehmen neue Produktionsstätten in Potsdam-Babelsberg errichtet. Von 1912 bis 1918 hatte die Continental-Filmkunst in der Chausseestraße 123 ihren Sitz.
Ein Reporter des Berliner Tagblattes berichtete über die Dreharbeiten: “Aus den Fenstern der Hinterzimmer sehen, halb neugierig, halb ängstlich, die Mitbewohner auf das seltsame Treiben da unten. Also ein “Aufbau” wie auf jeder Bühne, nur plein air. Auf die Leinwand ist die Dekoration des Kesselraums gemalt, wirkliche Manometer und wirkliche Luken, durch die dann Dampf und Feuer kommen wird (…). Wirkliche Kohlen werden zugeschaufelt und starke Männer stehen rechts und links von der mit Segeltuch überdeckten Szene, an Riesenfässer gelehnt, aus denen Sturzwellen fließen werden. Ein paar halbnackte Gesellen, berußt, naß, mit wirrem Haar, warten auf das Zeichen des Regisseurs, um die Verzweiflungs-Botschaften des Kapitäns zu vernehmen, der, mit angeklebtem weißem Spitzbart natürlich, im marineblauen Rock inzwischen noch mit den Kurbelmännern an den kinematographischen Apparaten berät. Dann geht´s an. Durch eine nicht allzu komplizierte mechanische Vorrichtung wird die ganze Bühne ins Schaukeln gebracht. (…) Die Komödianten waten über die nasse Leinwand, wälzen sich in den Kohlen, taumeln und fallen in den Maschinenraum, der Kapitän schreit und reißt mit verzweifelten Gebärden an einem Heizer herum, der im Wasser schwimmt. (…). Ein paar Augenblicke war´s wirklich sehr aufregend. Jetzt wird abgebaut. Der Briefträger geht durch den Chausseestraßenhof, über den die Wellen der “Titanic” eben in den Abflußkanal strömen.”
Strandgut mittlerer Güte

TRAUM UND EXZESS, S. 275 f.

Titanic: Facts and Fakes

Titanic – In Nacht und Eis
R: Mime Misu. K: Willy Hameister, Emil Schünemann, Viktor Zimmermann. Bauten: Siegfried Wroblewsky. D: Anton Ernst Rückert, Otto Rippert, Waldemar Hecker u.a. P: Continental-Kunstfilm GmbH, Berlin. D 1912
Print: Deutsche Kinemathek Berlin
Portug. Untertitel

Der Film entstand im Jahr der Katastrophe und ist, neben der amerikanischen Produktion ‘Saved from the Titanic’, der erste Titanic-Spielfilm der Kinogeschichte.

“Tatsächlich kann das Titanic-Unglück (…) als eines der ersten Medienereignisse des 20. Jahrhunderts gelten, bei denen der Gegensatz zwischen Fakt und Fiktion nicht mehr auszumachen, das ‘historische’ Ereignis als Objekt verifizierbaren Wissens verschwunden und mit den ihm zugeschriebenen Bedeutungen identisch geworden ist: Die über ein Geschichtsereignis verbreiteten ‘Fakten’ erscheinen in der Medienberichterstattung als Funktion der ihm verliehenen Bedeutungen und sind nicht mehr das Ausgangsmaterial, aus dem sich die historische Bedeutung eines Ereignisses – dessen ‘Mythos’, ‘Legende’ oder ‘Moral’ – ableiten lässt.”
Michael Wedel: Das Ereigniskino des Mime Misu. In: Thomas Elsaesser / Michael Wedel (Hrg.): Kino der Kaiserzeit. Zwischen Tradition und Moderne. München 2002, S. 220

A remastered copy of this film,  translated into English and re-released with a new score by Swiss composer Christophe Sturzenegger:



Genuine Footage:

Titanic Disaster
British Pathé. UK / Fr 1912

“This film contains the only genuine footage of the ‘Titanic’ held by British Pathe. There are slighty different versions of this film held by British Movietone and the National Film and Television Archive. There is a duplication of part of this footage on tape PM3478. Gaumont newsreel which contains only known footage of the Titanic. Pathe have joint rights in this film with holders of Gaumont footage. Introductory intertitle reads: ‘The `Titanic’ leaving Belfast lough for Southampton’. There follows eight shots of the ‘Titanic’ moored at Belfast – probably on April 2nd 1912. In several of the shots we see men walking beside the ship and smoke comes from the Titanic’s third funnel. The ship is not actually departing, the ship is virtually stationary through all shots.”
British Pathé

More footage here:

RMS Titanic in Belfast and Sinking Aftermath 1912
UK / Fr 1912
Print: Gaumont
Added Music and sound

>>> Untergang im Hinterhof

TRAUM UND EXZESS, S. 273 ff.

Ben Hur

Ben Hur
R: Sidney Olcott/Frank Oakes Rose. P: Kalem Co. USA 1907
“This first film adaptation of the well-known novel by General Lew Wallace was the first American film production challenged in court for its being an unauthorized adaptation of a copyrighted work. Producer Kalem Film Manufacturing Company had not secured permission to film the novel and was successfully sued by the Wallace estate in 1911 for copyright infringement.
Regardless what you might read elsewhere, William S. Hart does not appear in this film. He had previously appeared as Messala in the Broadway stage play adaptation.”
Carl Bennett
Silent Era

“Kalem’s Ben Hur (1907) offers a spatially inventive variation on the vertically split set by employing an exaggeratedly ‘high’ set which is then divided in two along a horizontal axis. The first shot of this space shows the set (a domestic interior set atop an arch) in its entirety, though only the top half features dramatic action; after a cut, shot scale adjusts to show just the bottom half. Because the first shot incorporates the unused bottom portion of the set, the shot seems top heavy: an inordinate amount of empty space occupies the bottom of the frame. invirting the principle of leaving excess space at the top of the frame that prevails 1907. Aside from the strains this approach places an versimilitude (why would Ben Hur’s home be located on the top of an archway?), its convoluted representation of adjacent spaces almost ensures that this variant remain an anomaly.”
Charlie Keil: Early American Cinema in Transition: Story, Style, and Filmmaking, 1907–1913. University of Wisconsin Press 2001, p. 107

TRAUM UND EXZESS, S, 270 f.

Starring: The Girls

Florence Lawrence, Biograph-Girl

Norma Talmadge, Vitagraph-Girl

Alice Joyce, Kalem-Girl

Mabel Normand in Mabel’s Dramatic Career
R: Mack Sennett. D: Mabel Normand, Mack Sennett, Fatty Arbuckle, Ford Sterling. P: Keystone. USA 1913

Gloria Swanson in The Danger Girl
R: Clarence G. Badger. D: Gloria Swanson, Bobby Vernon, Helen Bray, Myrtl Lind. P: Keyston Film Company (Mack Sennett). USA 1916

TRAUM UND EXZESS, S. 270 ff.

A Pre-Hitchcock Eagle’s Attack

Rescued from an Eagle’s Nest
R und K: J. Searle Dawley, Edwin S. Porter. P: Edison Manufacturing Co. USA 1908
Starring: David W. Griffith!

“Even film can be seen in these terms: as a visual illusion which exploits the limits of perception, but which also offers the cinematic body as recompense for the fragmen- ted body of technology. I contend that this inquiry into the limits of perception and the ambivalent re- cuperation of the body takes on a highly specific and intensified form in a genre that confronts the old conceptions of the body with the new ones that invalidate them. (…) Compare, for example, Rescued From an Eagle’s Nest (1908, Edison) with A Twentieth Century Tramp (1902, Edison). These films stand in contrast to each other as representations of archaic life in the mountains and the woods versus modem life in the city. Both are replete with powerful panoramic shots. They exploit the possibility of the medium through the deployment of trick shots. In particular, they contain panoramic shots from an emphatically ‘modem’ point of view, flaimting the technological possibilities. They both contain shots from the sky. These shots are narratively motivated. Thus, in the former film, which foregrounds archaic life, these shots are enabled by an enormous eagle who captures a little girl. In the latter film, which celebrated urban life rather than life in the backwoods, a ‘tramp’ is seen riding a sort of futuristic flying bicycle through the sky. The two films foreground their espousing of modem technology, but whereas the former nostalgically harks back to the past, in a privileged rejuvenated visual form, the latter enthusiastically and hyperbolically forecasts the future. They share a framing of the body in the modem technology that makes possible the unreal representations ‘from the sky.’ In spite of their differences, this form of visual presentation is itself, in both cases, both hyperbolically optimistic and ambivalent in that it dwarfs the subject framed by machinery.”
Nanna Verhoeff: The West in Early Cinema. After the Beginning. Amsterdam University Press 2006

The Twentieth Century Tramp; or, Happy Hooligan and His Airship
R: Edwin S. Porter. D: J. Stuart Blackton. P: Edison Manufacturing Company. USA 1902

“A comic picture that defies description. It depicts the Twentieth Century up-to-date tramp flying over the chimney tops of New York City in the latest improved flying machine. Weary Willie has the indispensible tin can hanging from his waist and he waves his hands to his friends as he flies along. He passes over the top of the Equitable Life building and other New York sky scrapers. He flies over the East River and clears the top of the Brooklyn Bridge, and appears to be making his way toward Staten Island. When he is about in the centre of the river, his flying machine explodes, and like the unfortunate McGinty, down goes Weary William. This picture is most mystifying and humorous.”
Edison Catalog

TRAUM UND EXZESS, S. 269

Teddy

The ‘Teddy’ Bears
R: Edwin S. Porter/Wallace McCutcheon. P: Edison Manufacturing Co. USA 1907

“President Theodore Roosevelt was in the middle of his second term. The well-known story of the hunting expedition when he was said to have declined to shoot a bear cub after killing his mother had become so embedded in the popular imagination that it was now represented by a furry stuffed toy as a ‘Teddy’ bear, selling by thousands a week. Teddy became a nationwide fad. The image of the president as a rugged outdoorsman, a manly man with a tender heart, is imbued with the idealism of the age.”
Eileen Bowser: 1907 – Movies and the Expansion of the Audience. In: André Gaudreault (ed.): American Cinema 1890 – 1909. New Brunswick, New Jersey, and London 2009, p. 184

>>> Theodore Roosevelt in Africa,   Theodore Roosevelt’s First Flight

TRAUM UND EXZESS, p. 268

Ein rhythmisches Unternehmen

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Afgrunden, 1910: Der “Gauchotanz”. Asta Nielsen und Poul Reumert

“Der Tanz findet statt auf einer Varieté-Bühne. Rechts im Anschnitt des statisch bleibenden Bilds sieht man im Graben einen Stellvertreter des hinzuzudenkenden Orchesters. Das Publikum sieht man die ganze Zeit nicht. Oder, genauer gesagt: In den Blick gerückt ist nicht das Publikum im Theater, sondern sind drei Männer im Hintergrund, backstage, darunter ein Pickelhauben-Polizist, der vom Tanz ungerührt wirkt. Aber auch für die drei tanzt Asta und schwingt sie ihr Lasso nicht. Sondern für uns. Der erotische Sadomaso-Tanz, den sie vorführt, richtet sich vollkommen eindeutig an die Kamera, nicht an das fiktive Publikum im Theater. Das Kino also schnappt sich die Bühne und positioniert alles um.”
Ekkehard Knörer
cargo

322-afgrunden-gauchotanz

“Die Ballettmeisterin aus einem Zirkus, der gerade in der Stadt gastierte, bekam den Auftrag, den Tanz zu arrangieren und uns beiden die notwendigen Fertigkeiten dafür beizubringen. Es erwies sich bald, daß Reumert sich am besten zum Stillstehen eignete. So machten wir denn aus der Notwendigkeit eine Tugend, und seine Tanzleistung wurde auf ein paar übertriebene Freiübungen beschränkt, mit denen er versuchte, dem Lasso zu entgehen, das ich sinnbildlich mach ihm schleuderte. Zum Schluß fing ich ihn ein und fesselte ihn siegreich. Damit war ihm die Möglichkeit für weitere Attitüden genommen. Er stand mitten auf der Bühne und nahm mit verschränkten Armen und verächtlicher Miene meine Liebeserklärungen in Form eines leidenschaftlichen Bauchtanzes entgegen. Dicht an ihn gepreßt, führte ich meine liebeskranken Verrenkungen um das arme Opfer auf. Da ich noch nicht wußte, welch hohes Maß an Zurückhaltung der Film in diesem mir fremden Fach erfordert, legte ich alles, was ich an Sehnsucht, Feuer und enttäuschter Liebe besaß, in mein rhythmisches Unternehmen. Und niemand erhob Einspruch, nicht einmal der Kameramann (…).”
Asta Nielsen: Die schweigende Muse. Berlin (DDR) 1977, S. 125

>>> Afgrunden

TRAUM UND EXZESS, S. 255